國際研討會英文簡報與 poster 指南：摘要規範、口頭報告與 Q&A 應對

英式拼寫這條特別容易踩雷。台灣的醫學訓練多半接觸美式用法，投歐洲學會時要記得改：randomised 而非 randomized、analysed 而非 analyzed、oedema 而非 edema、haemoglobin 而非 hemoglobin。投稿前用文書軟體把語言設定切換成英式英文檢查一次，是最省力的做法。

各學會的字數與格式規定不同，投稿前請務必以該學會當年度的官方頁面為準。

摘要怎麼寫？有專門給研討會用的檢核表

很多人不知道，報告指引除了論文版本，還有專門給摘要用的版本：

• CONSORT for Abstracts——適用隨機對照試驗的期刊摘要與研討會摘要
• STROBE conference abstract 版本——適用觀察性研究的研討會摘要

這兩份可以在 EQUATOR Network 查到。用它們檢查摘要，比自己憑感覺刪字有效得多——審查委員看的正是這些項目有沒有交代清楚。

字數壓縮的實務技巧：

• 刪掉鋪陳句。It is well known that… 這類開頭沒有資訊量，直接進入研究缺口。
• 把 There is/are 換成主動句。There were significant differences between groups 改成 Group A showed significantly higher X than Group B，字更少、資訊更多。
• 結果段給具體數值。國際醫學期刊編輯委員會建議摘要要 giving specific effect sizes and their statistical and clinical significance——空泛地說 significant 沒有用。

口頭報告的骨架與句型

口頭報告最大的優勢是內容完全可以事先準備。把下面這組句型套進你的研究，練到流利即可。

1. 開場：Good morning. I’m [name] from [institution]. Today I’ll be presenting our work on [topic].
2. 研究缺口：While [X] has been well studied, little is known about [Y]. / The optimal approach for [Y] remains unclear.
3. 目的：The aim of this study was to evaluate whether… / We sought to determine…
4. 方法：This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single tertiary center between [year] and [year]. / We enrolled [n] consecutive patients who met the following criteria.
5. 結果：The primary endpoint occurred in [n] patients, or [x] percent. / We observed a significant difference between the two groups, with a hazard ratio of [x] and a 95 percent confidence interval of [x] to [y].
6. 限制：Our study has several limitations. First, the sample size was relatively small. Second, this was a single-center study, which may limit generalizability.
7. 結論：In summary, our findings suggest that… / These results support the need for further prospective studies.

第 6 點不要跳過。主動講出限制不會扣分，反而顯示你理解自己的研究——這也呼應官方對 Discussion 段的要求：State the limitations of your study。

數字的唸法要先練過。95% confidence interval 唸作 ninety-five percent confidence interval；p 值唸 the p value was zero point zero three；HR 1.35 唸 a hazard ratio of one point three five。這些在腦中先跑過一遍，台上才不會卡住。

Q&A：唯一需要臨場反應的部分

報告可以背，Q&A 不行。但提問的類型其實很有限，準備好對應句型就能撐住場面。

沒聽清楚問題

這是最常見的狀況，尤其遇到口音較重或語速快的提問者。不要硬猜，直接請對方重述：

• I’m sorry, could you repeat the question please?
• Just to make sure I understood correctly — you’re asking about [X], is that right?
• Could you speak a little louder? The acoustics here are difficult.

第二句特別好用。用自己的話覆述一次問題，既確認理解正確，也替自己爭取幾秒思考時間。

被質疑方法或結論

• 承認並說明取捨：That’s a fair point. We considered that approach, but chose [X] because [reason]. We acknowledge this as a limitation.
• 部分同意：I agree that could be a factor. In our subgroup analysis we did adjust for it, and the association remained.
• 資料不支持推論：Our data can’t answer that directly, but it’s an important question for future work.

真的不知道

誠實回答比硬掰安全得多：I don’t have that data with me, but I’d be happy to follow up by email. 或 That’s outside the scope of our current analysis, but it’s worth looking into.

結尾一律用 Thank you for the question. 收尾，不管問題多刁鑽。

Poster 設計：字級與字數都有建議值

Poster 最常見的問題是塞太多字，遠看什麼都看不清。加州大學柏克萊分校圖書館的官方設計指南給了具體字級：