English Shots by TutorABC|Headlines & Words
郵輪上爆發漢他病毒!荷蘭夫婦的賞鳥之旅,如何引發全球警報?
Learn 10 outbreak English words from the MV Hondius hantavirus crisis
閱讀約 5 分鐘
程度:B1|多益 550–784 分
單字數:10 個
EP11
English Shots Podcast EP.11
邊聽邊學 — 點開音檔,5 分鐘搞懂漢他病毒英文
“A luxury expedition cruise turned into a health emergency — when a rare virus that can spread between people began infecting passengers on board.”
荷蘭郵輪 MV Hondius 上突然爆發漢他病毒感染事件,至少 3 人死亡、8 人確診。讓人擔心的是,這次的病毒竟然可以人傳人——這在漢他病毒家族裡極為罕見。今天用 10 個英文單字,帶你搞懂這起震驚全球的郵輪疫情。
Unit 1 · 漢他病毒是什麼?
鼠類傳人、人傳人——安地斯病毒為何特別危險?
漢他病毒通常由齧齒動物(rodent)傳播給人類,透過吸入受感染老鼠的排泄物或唾液而感染,本來沒有傳染性的(infectious)於人與人之間。但「安地斯病毒」(Andes virus)是極少數的例外,已知可以透過人對人的傳播(transmission)感染他人——在密閉空間中共享空氣就可能中鏢。
感染後的症狀(symptom)一開始像流感,包括發燒超過 38°C、肌肉痠痛、噁心嘔吐,但可能在數天內急速惡化,導致肺部劇烈發炎、呼吸衰竭。這種病毒的致死率(mortality rate)估計高達 30–40%,目前沒有核准疫苗或特效藥。
補充:台灣 CDC 已要求近期赴南美洲(阿根廷、智利、烏拉圭)的旅客留意相關症狀,若出現發燒或呼吸困難,應立即就醫並主動告知旅遊史。
本單元單字
rodent
/ˈroʊdənt/
n.
齧齒動物
A small mammal with sharp front teeth, such as a mouse or rat
“Hantavirus is usually spread to humans through contact with infected rodents.”
常見搭配:rodent-borne disease(鼠媒疾病)
infectious
/ɪnˈfekʃəs/
adj.
傳染性的
Able to spread from one person or animal to another
“The Andes virus is unusual because it is infectious between humans.”
區分:infectious(病毒會傳人)vs. infected(自己已中標)
transmission
/trænsˈmɪʃən/
n.
傳播;傳染途徑
The passing of a disease from one person or animal to another
“Human-to-human transmission makes this outbreak especially dangerous.”
常見搭配:airborne transmission(空氣傳播)/ prevent transmission(阻止傳播)
symptom
/ˈsɪmptəm/
n.
症狀
A physical change in the body that shows a disease may be present
“Early symptoms include fever, muscle pain, and shortness of breath.”
常見搭配:show / develop symptoms(出現症狀)/ asymptomatic(無症狀的)
mortality rate
/mɔːrˈtæləti reɪt/
n.
致死率
The proportion of infected people who die from a disease
“The high mortality rate of the Andes virus has alarmed health officials worldwide.”
同義詞:case fatality rate (CFR);搭配:high / low mortality rate
Unit 2 · MV Hondius 事件始末
賞鳥假期釀禍,94 名乘客緊急撤離加納利群島
這次疫情的源頭,是一對荷蘭夫婦。他們在搭郵輪前,剛在阿根廷、智利、烏拉圭進行賞鳥旅行——正是安地斯病毒鼠類宿主的分布地帶。夫婦倆接著登上 MV Hondius,在密閉船艙中引發了這場爆發(outbreak)。截至 5 月 8 日,全球已通報 8 例(6 確診、2 疑似),3 人死亡。
5 月 10 日,郵輪停靠西班牙加納利群島特內里費港,有序撤離(evacuate)94 名來自 19 個國籍的乘客。各國同步展開接觸者追蹤(contact tracing),對曾與確診者密切接觸的旅客實施隔離(quarantine)。WHO 秘書長親赴現場監督,目前各國以防堵(containment)為主要策略,避免病毒繼續擴散。
補充:台灣擁有豐富的 SARS、COVID-19 防疫經驗,疾管署已將 MV Hondius 事件列為持續監測項目。台灣每年有許多民眾赴南美洲生態旅遊,出發前務必查詢最新疫情警示。
本單元單字
outbreak
/ˈaʊtbreɪk/
n.
(疫情)爆發
A sudden start or increase of a disease affecting many people
“Health authorities acted quickly after the outbreak was confirmed on board.”
動詞形:break out(疫情爆發了 = The disease broke out)
evacuate
/ɪˈvækjueɪt/
v.
撤離;疏散
To move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe
“Authorities evacuated 94 passengers from the ship after it docked in Tenerife.”
名詞形:evacuation(撤離行動)
quarantine
/ˈkwɒrəntiːn/
n. / v.
隔離
A period when a person is kept apart from others to prevent spreading disease
“Passengers who had close contact with infected people were placed in quarantine.”
常見搭配:place in quarantine / quarantine period(隔離期)
contact tracing
/ˈkɒntækt ˈtreɪsɪŋ/
n.
接觸者追蹤
The process of identifying people who may have been in contact with an infected person
“Authorities launched contact tracing to find all passengers who had been near the infected couple.”
常見搭配:conduct / launch contact tracing(不加冠詞 a)
containment
/kənˈteɪnmənt/
n.
防堵;控制擴散
The act of keeping something harmful within limits so it does not spread
“Containment measures were put in place across 19 countries after passengers flew home.”
常見搭配:containment strategy / containment measures(防堵措施)
本集 10 個單字總整理
互動測驗
單字理解測驗 — 選出正確答案
共 5 題,點擊「顯示解答」確認答案與解說。
1. 下列哪句話用 outbreak(爆發)最正確?
A“The outbreak of the new virus was caused only by poor hand-washing habits.”
B“Scientists declared an outbreak after dozens of unrelated people showed the same symptoms within days.”
C“The outbreak means the virus has been completely eliminated.”
D“An outbreak only happens when a virus spreads between animals.”
顯示解答
正解:B — outbreak 強調「短時間內大量不相關的人同時出現相同症狀」。A 的原因說明過於簡化;C 的意思完全相反;D 錯誤,人與人之間同樣可能爆發疫情。
2. quarantine(隔離)和 containment(防堵)都跟防疫有關,以下哪個描述最能區分兩者?
Aquarantine 針對「特定人員」,containment 針對「整體疫情擴散」
Bquarantine 只用於動物,containment 只用於人
C兩個意思完全相同,可以互換
Dquarantine 是治療方式,containment 是疫苗策略
顯示解答
正解:A — quarantine 指隔離「可能已暴露」的特定人員;containment 是阻止疫情在更大範圍蔓延的整體策略,兩者是不同層級的防疫行動。
3. “The high ___ rate of the Andes virus — estimated at 30 to 40 percent — has alarmed health officials worldwide.” 空格填入?
Asurvival
Brecovery
Ctransmission
Dmortality
顯示解答
正解:D — mortality rate(致死率)= 感染者中死亡的比例,搭配「alarmed officials」的語境最吻合。survival rate / recovery rate 高是好消息,不會令官員警戒;transmission rate 描述傳播速度,不是死亡比例。
4. “The Andes virus can spread through human-to-human ___.” 為什麼這句不能填 outbreak?
Aoutbreak 是形容詞,不能放在 through 後面
Boutbreak 描述疫情的「爆發狀況」,不描述病毒如何從一個人移動到另一個人
Coutbreak 只能搭配動物疾病,不能用在人類
D這句本來就可以填 outbreak,沒有問題
顯示解答
正解:B — transmission 描述「病毒如何從一個人傳到另一個人的過程或途徑」;outbreak 描述「疫情爆發的狀況或規模」,兩者語意不同,不可互換。
5. 下列哪句話中,contact tracing 的用法正確?
A“The doctor did a contact tracing on the patient’s lung.”
B“Authorities launched contact tracing to find people who may have been exposed.”
C“She contact traced her lost luggage at the airport.”
D“The virus was contact traced back to a laboratory.”
顯示解答
正解:B — contact tracing 是公衛專有名詞,主詞通常是衛生機關,搭配 launch / conduct / carry out,且不加冠詞 “a”。A 加了 “a” 且場景錯誤;C/D 把它當成一般動詞使用,均非標準英文。
English Shots EP.11 · Headlines & Words · by TutorABC · 2026-05-13